بداية مذاكره للفاينل يلا بنات

[مجنـونـه]

BU 130 Final exam


Pattern


There will be six questions and students have to do 4 out of six.

Following chapters are included in the book Course File
All 7 topics on page no. 11
Time management
Work-life Balance
Self and career management
Influence and persuasion
Making decisions
Working relations and communications
Managing Change
هذا مسج من مس نوال الكبيسي , تخبرنا فيها عن الاختبار ,
بكون الاختبار عباره عن ستة اسئله , وراح نحل 4 اسئـله من ستة اسئله

المواضيع الي عندنا معروفه , درسنا منهم 4 في الميد تيرم ,
الحين باقي لنا 3

Time management > اداره الوقت
Work-life Balance > التوازن بين العمل والحياه
Self and career management > النفس وإداره الحياة الوظيفيه
Influence and persuasion > التأثير والأقناع

Making decisions > اتخاد القرارات
Working relations and communications > علاقات العمل والاتصالات
Managing Change > اداره التغير


المواضيع سهله ان شاءالله , الحين راح نبتدي نفصل واحد واحد , بس راح ابتدي من الثلاثه الاخيره
واليوم راح نخلص Making decisions

انتـظروني ,

[رزونة]

وانا ان شاء الله اليوم راح ابدء بـ Making decisions
ونحط اللي وصلنا له هنه

[Ordinary student]

المواضيع الاربع اللي في الميد تيرم ناقشناها بهالموضوع زي ماقلتي:
http://www.aoua.com/vb/showthread.php?t=189952


وفكرتك حلوة اننا نناقش المواضيع الثلاثة الاخيرة بعدين نرجع للاولى.
اولا: Decision Making
تعاريف للديسيشن ميكينغ ( وكل وحدة تقدر تغير الكلام بشكل يناسبها ويكون على فهمها)

What is Decision Making?
Some Definitions
A good place to start is with some standard definitions of decision making.
1. Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Making a decision implies that there are alternative choices to be considered, and in such a case we want not only to identify as many of these alternatives as possible but to choose the one that (1) has the highest probability of success or effectiveness and (2) best fits with our goals, desires, lifestyle, values, and so on.

2. Decision making is the process of sufficiently reducing uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made from among them. This definition stresses the information-gathering function of decision making. It should be noted here that uncertainty is reduced rather than eliminated. Very few decisions are made with absolute certainty because complete knowledge about all the alternatives is seldom possible. Thus, every decision involves a certain amount of risk. If there is no uncertainty, you do not have a decision; you have an algorithm--a set of steps or a recipe that is followed to bring about a fixed result.

http://www.virtualsalt.com/crebook5.htm

من ويكيبيديا

Decision making can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes (cognitive process) leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making

[Ordinary student]

خمس خطوات لعملية اتخاذ القرار:

Applying The
Decision Making Model In Five Steps
1. State The Problem حدد المشكلة - The first and arguably the most important step in the decision making model in five steps is to identifying the problem. Until you have a clear understanding of the problem or decision to be made, it is meaningless to proceed. If the problem is stated incorrectly or unclearly then your decisions will be wrong.

2. Identify Alternatives حدد البدائل - Sometimes your only alternatives are to do it or don't do it. Most of the time you will have several feasible alternatives. It is worth doing re****** to ensure you have as many good alternatives as possible.

3. Evaluate The Alternatives قيم البدائل ( ماهي ايجابيات وسلبيات البدائل ) - This is where the analysis begins. You must have some logical approach to rank the alternatives. Two such logical approaches are discussed at Example Of A Decision Matrix and at Sample SWOT Analysis. It is important to realize that these analysis methods are only one of the five steps in the decision making model.

4. Make A Decision اختر قرارك - You have evaluated your alternatives. Two or more of your high ranked alternatives may be very close in the evaluations. You should eliminate all of the alternatives that were low ranked. Now it is time to go back and examine the inputs you made to evaluation criteria for the close high ranked alternatives. Do you still feel comfortable with the inputs you made? When you have made any changes it is time for some subjection. You have eliminated the alternatives that do not make logical sense. Now it is time to let your subconscious work. Review all the details of the remaining high ranked close alternatives, so they are completely clear in your mind. Completely leave the project alone for a few days. When you return to the project, the decision will likely be very clear in your head. This only works if you have done your homework!

5. Implement Your Decision قم بعمل هذا القرار - A decision has no value unless you implement it. If you are not good with implementation, then find someone that is. Part of the implementation phase is the follow up. The follow up ensures that the implementation sticks.

http://www.business-analysis-made-ea...ive-Steps.html

مواقع اخرى لخطوات عمل القرار للي حاس انه مافهم اللي فوق او وده يطلع اكثر:
http://www.blurtit.com/q562854.html
http://www.strategicmarketsegmentati...-making-steps/

[Ordinary student]

The importance of decision making:
اهمية عملية اتخاذ القرار: ممكن نقول الاثار الايجابية لكونك تملك مهارات اتخاذ القرار الصحيح:

1- self- confidence
2- the ability to be analytical.
3- ability to think critically
4- understanding the value of re****** ( الكلمة المشفرة= r e s e a r c h= بحث ) >> تشفير سامج
5- the ability to manage conflict

>> هذي مختصرة جدا جدا وللي حاب يعرف اكثر يدخل هنا:
http://www.moyak.com/papers/leadership-qualities.html

http://www.clarityaccounting.com/blo...cision-making/

[الدنيا مبدأ]

السلام عليكم ...

الف شكر لكم على مجهوداتكم .. و الله يعطيكم العافية ...




تعريفات للـ Working Relations and Communications

COMMUNICATIONS:
Communication defined as the management of the organaisation's communiction functions. many practitioners see public relations as one of several more narrow ( small ) functiona , especially as publicity , promotion , media relations , or marketing support.

RELATION :
Public relations defined as the " managemant of communication between an organisation and its publics " .

هذا رابط المصدر " عبارة عن كتاب بخصوص Working Relations and Communications"


http://books.google.com/books?hl=ar&...ations&f=false


ارجو التنبيه في حالة اني ما توصلت للتعاريف الصحيحه .. لأن مخي قد قارب على الإقفال و التتنيح

تشكرات ...

[الدنيا مبدأ]

عودة مع صناعة القرارات ..
اكتشفت ان عندي مسج موجود بالـ student e - mail من مس زينة الشبل وانا ماني داريه عنه ..


المطلوب خمسة نقاط :
( تعريف الـ decition making , في ماذا يستخدم , خطوات اتخاذ القرار , فوائد صنع القرار او الاهمية , كيف نستخدم خطوات او التكنيكس في اتخاذ القرار ( الامثله ) .
و هذا المسج .. تفزلوا ... هني و عافيه ..

Dear students these are some outlines, DO NOT LIMIT YOUR SERCHE TO THE OUTLINES PART OF YOUR EVALUATION TO GO AND SERCH IN DEPTH IN ANY GIVEN TOPIC.
What is Decision making?
Decision making useful for what? For what we use Decision making
What are Decision making techniques?
Benefits of Decision making.
How can use are Decision making techniques? Examples.

Links:
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/main/...x.htm#Decision

http://www.virtualsalt.com/crebook5.htm


http://www.msstate.edu/dept/AgEdExp/...n/decision.htm

[Ordinary student]

اوكي الدنيا مبدا .. احنا كتبنا تعاريف للديسشن ميكنغ واهميته وبعض الخطوات او التقنيات ايش رايك كمان ناقص؟

[Ordinary student]

Simple decisions usually need a simple decision-making process. But difficult decisions typically involve issues like these: ( القرارات البسيطة تتطلب عملية اتخاذ قرار بسيطة، ولكن القرار الصعب قد يتضمن بعض المشاكل مثل: )

Uncertainty - Many facts may not be known. عدم التاكد ( شي مو اكيد او غير معلوم 100% )

Complexity - You have to consider many interrelated factors. التعقيد

High-risk consequences - The impact of the decision may be significant. اثار او مردودات خطيرة او فيها مخاطرة

Alternatives - Each has its own set of uncertainties and consequences. البدائل

Interpersonal issues - It can be difficult to predict how other people will react. المشاكل الشخصية

With these difficulties in mind, the best way to make a complex decision is to use an effective process. Clear processes usually lead to consistent, high-quality results, and they can improve the quality of almost everything we do. In this article, we outline a process that will help improve the quality of your decisions.

المصدر :
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_00.htm

[Ordinary student]

There are six steps to making an effective decision: ستة خطوات لعملية اتخاذ قرار فعال ( في فوق حطينا تقنيات ممكن ندمج هذي معها وفي بعض الخطوات لو بتلاحظون نفس الشي.. بس عشان نزيد كلام بالاختبار )

1-Create a constructive environment.

2- Generate good alternatives.

3- Explore these alternatives.

4- Choose the best alternative.

5- Check your decision.

6- Communicate your decision, and take action
لمزيد من التفاصيل:
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_00.htm

[Ordinary student]

هذي بعض النقاط وجدتها بمنتدى عربي وترجمتها للانقلش.. عشان ماتحوسون تدورون معناها بالانقلش

things we should take care of in the decision making process:
1- the time of the decision
2- the time you will tell the other employees or colleagues about your decision.
====
types of decisions:
1- personal decisions
2- basic- routine decisions
3- structural or organisational decisions
====
القرار قبل إصداره يمر بعدة مراحل هي:
* مرحلة الماضي الذي بدأت فيه مسببات فكرة القرار حيث يتم في هذه المرحلة حصر المشكلة أو الباعث للقرار ثم جمع المعلومات والبيانات المتعلقة بها.
* مرحلة الحاضر، وفيها يتم تدارس المعلومات والبيانات التي جمعت حول موضوع القرار ثم تحديد البدائل التي يعتقد مناسبتها لمعالجة المشكلة أو موضوع القرار، حيث يتم تدارس هذه البدائل بحيث يتم ترجيح واحد منها أو أكثر ثم تعرض للمسئول الذي يختار منها ما يعتقد أنه الأقرب لتحقيق الأهداف وخدمة مصلحة العمل وذلك بحكم خبرته ومسئوليته، حيث يتم إصدار القرار بالبديل الذي اختاره المسئول.
* مرحلة المستقبل وفيها يتم تنفيذ القرار الذي صدر على أثر الجهود التي بذلت في المرحلتين السابقتين، كما أنه من الضروري أن يصاحب عملية التنفيذ عملية متابعة للتأكد من أن التنفيذ يتم حسب ما أورده القرار.
>>> لما كتبتها بالانقلش كان في ركاكة في الكلام .. سوري :$
====
in some cases... the manager will decide what decision he will make without going through the previous stages, and those cases are:
1- sudden need for making decision
2- the reason of this decision unknown or unclear
3- some managers tend to not talk about the decision before announcing it because they don't want any rejections
=====
المصدر :
http://hrdiscussion.com/hr2867.html

[Ordinary student]

ممكن نضيف نقطة على ايجابيات كونك تملك مهارات اتخاذ القرارات : يقل الضغط عليك نفسيا وجسديا... + تكسبك خبرة في التعامل مع شتى المواقف + القدرة على اتخاذ القرار الصحيح في اوقات حرجة

less stress + the experience of dealing with all situations + the ability to choose the right decision in difficult situations and difficult times

بكذا نكون غطينا الديسيشن ميكنغ:
1- تعريف
2- اهميته وايجابيات كونك قادر على اتخاذ القرار الصحيح
3- بعض الخطوات والتكنيكس
4- بعض المشاكل اللتي قد نواجهها اثناء صنع القرار
5- نقاط مهمة يجب التنبه لها اثناء وضع القرار
6- انواع القرارات
7- المراحل التي نمر فيها قبل اتخاذ القرار
8- بعض الحالات التي يضطر فيها صانع القرار ان يتغاضى عن المرور في مراحل اتخاذ القرار
اتوقع كذا كفاية ونبدا بالموضوع اللي بعده (Working relations and communications ) وبدات فيه الدنيا مبدا بالتعريف :

COMMUNICATIONS:
Communication defined as the management of the organaisation's communiction functions. many practitioners see public relations as one of several more narrow ( small ) functiona , especially as publicity , promotion , media relations , or marketing support.

RELATION :
Public relations defined as the " managemant of communication between an organisation and its publics " .

في تعريف للكومنيوكيشن ممكن اضيفه:
Communication is a process of transferring information from one entity to another.

OR
the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs
====
All forms of communication require a sender, a message, and a receiver. Communication requires that all parties have an area of communicative commonality. There are auditory means, such as speech, song, and tone of voice, and there are nonverbal means, such as body language, sign language, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, and writing.

[Ordinary student]

Types of communication:
55% of impact is determined by body language—postures, gestures, and eye contact,
38% by the tone of voice, and
7% by the ******* or the words spoken ( التشفير = c o n t e n t )
المصدر:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication

الحين هذا عن الكومنيوكيشن بشكل عام.. بس في رايي انه المقصود من هالتوبيك الكومنيوكيشن ان ذا وورك بليس ( في مكان العمل بشكل خاص)

الزبدة .. احنا هنا مابنركز عالعلاقات ومهارات الاتصال بشكل عام.. بل على العلاقات في العمل ومهارات الاتصال بالموظفين والمدراء وبيئة العمل عموما.

ننتظر ارائكم

[Ordinary student]

the advantages or the benefits of good communication skills:

Build effective working relationships with colleagues, managers, vendors, ******ers and sponsors
(التشفير= c u s t o m e r s)

Prevent unnecessary conflict in working relationships by establishing norms and boundaries and negotiating proactively

Probe for needs and wants of others; clarify and fully understand issues

Foster a give-and-take dialogue by seeking and building on the ideas of others while contributing their own ideas to the issue at hand

Gain agreement to support ideas and actions through a constructive negotiation process
Manage and resolve conflicts within important working relationships
المصدر:
http://www.barnesconti.com/programs/workingrelat.html